Culture and Media

Sexuality as a cultural subject

Film, literature, music, visual art and television have long treated sex and desire as material for story and debate. In Canada the discussion is shaped by two official languages, regional identities, Indigenous traditions and a strong public broadcasting presence, all of which affect what is produced and how it is received.

Regulation forms part of the story. The Criminal Code addresses obscenity, provincial film classification boards assign ratings, and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission oversees broadcasting standards. Landmark obscenity cases, including the 1992 Butler decision, are frequently cited in discussions of how the law balances expression and harm.

Why it is discussed

Debate tends to center on representation, the influence of online platforms, age verification, and the place of sexual content in art. Scholars in media and gender studies examine how portrayals have changed across decades.

What this section contains

  • Surveys of Canadian film, literature and music dealing with sexuality
  • Histories of censorship, classification and obscenity law
  • Articles on digital media and online communities
  • Profiles of artists, writers and critics

Coverage is analytical and non-explicit and describes works without promoting them.

Articles

Frequently asked questions

What was the Butler decision?

R. v. Butler was a 1992 Supreme Court of Canada ruling on obscenity law. It upheld the obscenity provision while interpreting it through a harm-based test.

Who classifies films in Canada?

Film classification is handled by provincial and territorial boards, so ratings and rules can differ from region to region.

Updated November 2026. General information only, not medical, legal or professional advice. See the disclaimer and the medical disclaimer.